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OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for the content determination of diosgenin in Dioscorea zingiberensis，and to compare the contents of diosgenin in wild D. zingiberensis from different habitats. METHODS：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Inertsil ODS-3 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （50 ∶ 50，V/V） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was set at 203 nm，and sample size was 10 μL. Established method was used to determine the contents of diosgenin in wild D. zingiberensis from different habitats （Shaanxi Shangluo，Shaanxi Ankang，Henan Neixiang，Yunnan Xuanwei，Sichuan Deyang，Hubei Shiyan，Hunan Zhangjiajie，Hunan Changde）. The differences of diosgenin content were compared. RESULTS：The linear range of diosgenin were 4.16-165.6 μg/mL （r＝ 0.999 9）. RSDs of precision，reproducible and stability tests were all lower than 2％ （n＝5 or n＝6）. The average recovery of diosgenin was 101.18％ （RSD＝1.27％，n＝6）. The content of diosgenin in wild D. zingiberensis from different habitats were in descending order，i.e. Sichuan Deyang （1 405.36 μg/g）＞Shaanxi Shangluo （1 201.79 μg/g）＞Hunan Zhangjiajie （1 035.18 μg/g）＞Shaanxi Ankang （632.64 μg/g）＞Hunan Changde （598.64 μg/g）＞Yunnan Xuanwei （425.34 μg/g）＞Henan Neixiang （350.13 μg/g）＞Hubei Shiyan （338.39 μg/g）. CONCLUSIONS：Established method is simple，accurate and suitable for the content determination of diosgenin in D. zingiberensis. The contents of diosgenin in wild D. zingiberensis from different habitats are different significantly，and the content of diosgenin in the samples from Sichuan Deyang is the highest.
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Objective To construct the teaching model of medical statistics in universities of TCM through the questionnaire of knowledge,attitude and practice structure.Methods Medical statistics KAP questionnaire survey was conducted among postgraduates using proportional stratified sampling according to the grade.It describes the present situation and calculates the knowledge loss coefficient,knowledge demand index and behavioral application intensity of medical statistics.The Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences among different grades.Results 109 questionnaires were withdrawn.The recovery was 83.84％.45 cases (41.3％) were first year postgraduate,33 cases (30.3％) were 2nd year postgraduate,and 31 cases (28.4％) were 3rd year postgraduate.At the knowledge level,the knowledge loss coefficient of the second year postgraduates was 0.635,and there was no statistical difference (P=-0.651) vs the first year postgraduate (0.638).At the attitude level,Knowledge demand index had no statistical significance difference (P=0.213)between postgraduates in grade two (96.87％) and grade three (75.00％).Most medical postgraduates held positive attitudes toward medical statistics,hoping to strengthen the training of their application ability such as medical statistics in design and research thinking (29.18％),the statistical methods selection and the interpretation of the results (31.53％) and the statistical software operation (36.07％).At the practice level,the percentage of application intensity with statistical methods of third-year postgraduates (100.00％) was higher than the second-year postgraduates (37.50％),and the second-year postgraduates higher than the first-year postgraduates (20.45％).And with the growth of year,the percentage of application intensity was gradually increasing (P=O.O03).Among them,published scientific papers accounted for 16.5％,and 58.6％ paper grade concentrated in the core journals.Conclusion Application development should be enhanced by modularization teaching with practical issues.
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PURPOSE: This study aims to analyze the clinical-pathological characteristics of multifocal and multicentric breast cancer (MMBC) in Chinese women. METHODS: Sixty-seven cases with MMBC were randomly collected and reviewed at seven hospitals in representative districts of China during 1999 to 2008. RESULTS: The incidence of MMBC in breast cancer in China was 1.75%. Compared to those with unifocal breast cancer, women with MMBC were more likely to have larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis (59.70% vs. 45.62%) and stage III to IV (46.26% vs. 21.10%). The peak age at onset of MMBC was 40 to 49 years old and has been gradually increasing during 1999 to 2008. Most of the MMBC women were treated with surgery and adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSION: In China, the incidence of MMBC in breast cancer is significantly lower than that in Western countries. Compared to unifocal breast cancer, MMBC is biologically more aggressive. Most MMBC women underwent mastectomy, instead of breast conservation surgery.
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Female , Humans , Asian People , Breast , Breast Neoplasms , China , Cohort Studies , Incidence , Lymph Nodes , Mastectomy , Neoplasm Metastasis , Pathology, Clinical , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
To approach the effect of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) on un-terminal differentiation of HL-60 cells after treatment with Arsenic Trioxide ( As_2O_3) . Methods The changes of cell morphology were observed by Wright staining, the alteration in the cell proliferation was determined by WST1 experiment and the NBT reduction assay was used to detect the differentiation condition of cells, determination and analysis cell cycle. The expressions of C/EBP? and C/EBP? mRNA in HL-60 cells exposed to ATRA and As_2O_3 were assayed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results It was found that ATRA could up- regulate the mRNA expression of C/EBP? obviously, but down-regulate the mRNA expression of C/EBP?. As_2O_3 could up-regulate the mRNA expression of C/EBP? lightly, down-regulate the expression of C/EBP?. Conclusion Both of ATRA and As_2O_3 can down-regulate the mRNA expression of C/EBP?,but there is no significant difference between these two groups,ATRA and As2O3 can up- regulate the mRNA expression of C/EBP?, with significant differences (P
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Graduate students are an important force for knowledge innovation.In order to explore the cultivation of innovative talents,our university reform curriculum courses,strengthen the graduate student instructing staff,improve the quality of scientific research thesis,enhance clinical skills training and build a base for innovation and post-graduate education and so on.